From: Awareness and willingness to use HIV self-testing among people who inject drugs in Iran
Variable | Total N (%)a | Willingness to use HIV self-testing | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Very low or low n (%) | High or very high n (%) | Prevalence ratio (95% CI)b | P value | ||
Overall | 2,252 | 594 (26.4) | 1,658 (73.6) | – | – |
Age at interview, mean years (SD) | 40.1 (9.3) | 39.9 (9.5) | 40.2 (9.2) | – | – |
Age, years | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 < 30 | 246 (11.0) | 67 (27.2) | 179 (72.8) | 1 | 0.893 |
 ≥ 30 | 1,992 (89.0) | 527 (26.5) | 1,465 (73.5) | 1.01 (0.86, 1.18) |  |
Gender | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Women | 78 (3.5) | 29 (37.2) | 49 (62.8) | 1 | 0.258 |
 Men | 2,174 (96.5) | 565 (26.0) | 1,609 (74.0) | 1.17 (0.89, 1.57) |  |
Education | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Less than high school | 1,572 (70.1) | 443 (28.2) | 1,129 (71.8) | 1 | 0.141 |
 High school or more | 671 (29.9) | 150 (22.3) | 521 (77.7) | 1.08 (0.97, 1.19) |  |
Marital Status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Single | 784 (35.9) | 196 (25.0) | 588 (75.0) | 1 |  |
 Currently married | 554 (25.4) | 203 (36.6) | 351 (63.4) | 0.84 (0.74, 0.96) | 0.012 |
 Divorced/widowed | 846 (38.7) | 181 (21.4) | 665 (78.6) | 1.04 (0.95, 1.17) | 0.407 |
Current employment | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Unemployed | 45 (2.4) | 20 (44.4) | 25 (55.6) | 1 |  |
 Having a temporary job | 1,513 (79.6) | 387 (25.6) | 1, 126 (74.4) | 1.33 (0.90, 1.99) | 0.184 |
 Having a permanent job | 342 (18.0) | 91 (26.6) | 251 (73.4) | 1.32 (0.87, 1.99) | 0.148 |
HIV risk perception | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Very low or low | 1,154 (64.7) | 338 (29.3) | 816 (70.7) | 1 |  |
 Moderate or high | 630 (35.3) | 47 (7.5) | 583 (92.5) | 1.31 (1.18, 1.45) | < 0.001 |
Lifetime homelessness | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 963 (43.0) | 317 (32.9) | 646 (67.1) | 1 |  |
 Yes | 1,275 (57.0) | 275 (21.6) | 1,000 (78.4) | 1.17 (1.06, 1.29) | 0.002 |
Lifetime incarceration | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 740 (33.1) | 257 (34.7) | 483 (65.3) | 1 |  |
 Yes | 1,496 (66.9) | 332 (22.2) | 1,164 (77.8) | 1.19 (1.07, 1.32) | 0.001 |
Experience of stigma within healthcare settings | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Never | 1,197 (55.0) | 318 (26.6) | 879 (73.4) | 1 |  |
 Ever | 980 (45.0) | 265 (27.0) | 715 (73.0) | 0.99 (0.90, 1.10) | 0.898 |
Experience of stigma from family/friends | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Never | 357 (15.9) | 127 (35.6) | 230 (64.4) | 1 |  |
 Ever | 1,888 (84.1) | 466 (24.7) | 1,422 (75.3) | 1.16 (1.02, 1.34) | 0.028 |
Duration of injection, year | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 < 5 | 545 (25.1) | 224 (41.1) | 321 (58.9) | 1 |  |
 5–10 | 555 (25.5) | 161 (29.0) | 394 (71.0) | 1.20 (1.04, 1.40) | 0.013 |
 > 10 | 1,073 (49.4) | 187 (17.4) | 886 (82.6) | 1.40 (1.23, 1.59) | < 0.001 |
Injection frequency, last 3 months | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Monthly or less | 901 (40.3) | 299 (33.2) | 602 (66.8) | 1 |  |
 Weekly or daily | 1,333 (59.7) | 282 (21.2) | 1,051 (78.8) | 1.18 (1.07, 1.30) | 0.001 |
Receptive needle/syringe sharing, last 3 months | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 1,935 (95.9) | 525 (27.1) | 1,410 (72.9) | 1 |  |
 Yes | 83 (4.1) | 20 (24.1) | 63 (75.9) | 1.04 (0.81, 1.34) | 0.751 |
Public injecting, last 12 months | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 593 (29.3) | 212 (35.7) | 381 (64.3) | 1 |  |
 Yes | 1,433 (70.7) | 351 (24.5) | 1,082 (75.5) | 1.17 (1.04, 1.32) | 0.007 |
Utilizing needle exchange program, last 12 months | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 208 (12.0) | 78 (37.5) | 130 (62.5) | 1 |  |
 Yes | 1,522 (88.0) | 373 (24.5) | 1,149 (75.5) | 1.20 (1.01, 1.44) | 0.041 |