Table 3 Comparison of four web panel surveys addressing Spelpaus self-exclusion in Sweden 2019–2022
Study | Håkansson and Henzel [10] | Håkansson and Widinghoff [9] | Claesdotter-Knutsson and Håkansson [12] | Present study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Design | Online web survey | Online web survey | Online web survey | Online web survey |
Time period | Sept, 2019 | May, 2020 | March, 2021 | May, 2022 |
Population | Web panel members with or without gambling (n = 2002) | Web panel members, online gambling 10 + times past year (n = 1007) | Web panel members, sub-group of 'gamblers’* (n = 1064) | Web panel members, 1 + occasion of gambling past year (n = 1505) |
Rates of Spelpaus self-exclusion (ever, since start of system in 2019) | 4% | 7% | 5% | 9% |
Correlates of Spelpaus self-exclusion | Younger, problem gambling | Moderate-risk/problem gambling, past-year online casino, absence of past-year sports betting | – | Moderate-risk/problem gambling, past-year online casino, absence of past-year online poker |
Rates of breaching of Spelpaus self-exclusion | – | 38% | – | 49% |
Most common gambling types reported during self-exclusion | – | 52% online casino, 36% land-based lotteries, 16% sports betting, 21% online lotteries, 20% ‘other’ | – | 82% online casino, 47% sports betting, 43% lotteries 24% restaurant casinos |