Table 4 Macro-level factors (manifestations of sociocultural and economic context, harm reduction policies, drug market economy, criminal justice system, and stigma)
Total N = 363 | El Paso N = 187 | Cd. Juárez N = 176 | Z (95% CI of the difference) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Percent unless indicated | |||||
Ever been in prison | 76.3 | 82.3 | 71.7 | − 2.38 (− .19, − .01) | 0.017 |
Ever been subjected to policing | 40.7 | 17.6 | 65.3 | 9.24 (.38, .56) | 0.001 |
Involved in drug selling | 12.1 | 19.8 | 8.2 | − 2.65 (− .19, − .03) | 0.004 |
Lived in another country | 28.9 | 21.4 | 36.9 | 3.26 (.06,.24) | 0.001 |
Lived in another state | 52.3 | 64.0 | 43.0 | − 3.93 (− .30,− .10) | 0.001 |
Drug use stigma | 77.6 | 80.4 | 79.8 | − .158 (− .09, .07) | 0.874 |
Unhoused | 30 | 34.6 | 26.4 | − 1.65 (− .17, .01) | 0.097 |