Table 1 Sample characteristics and correlates of receptive injection equipment sharing among PWID in the United States (N = 265)
| Â | Total N (%) | Receptive sharing, past month | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
No N (%) | Yes N (%) | p | ||
|  | n = 265 | 198 (74.7) | 67 (25.3) | – |
Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||
Age, M (SD) | 39.3 (10.5) | 40.1 (10.8) | 37.1 (9.3) | 0.04 |
Gender | ||||
 Man/male | 132 (49.8) | 94 (47.5) | 39 (58.2) | 0.13 |
 Women/female | 133 (50.2) | 104 (52.5) | 28 (41.8) |  |
Sexual minority | 38 (14.3) | 23 (11.6) | 15 (22.4) | 0.03 |
Non-Hispanic, White | 166 (62.9) | 114 (57.9) | 52 (77.6) | 0.004 |
Has HIV | 13 (4.9) | 10 (5.1) | 3 (4.5) | 0.85 |
Single relationship status | 114 (43.2) | 89 (45.2) | 25 (37.3) | 0.26 |
Education | ||||
 Less than high school diploma | 72 (27.2) | 60 (30.3) | 12 (17.9) | 0.01 |
 High school diploma or equivalent | 121 (45.7) | 80 (40.4) | 41 (61.2) |  |
 Some college or more | 72 (27.2) | 58 (29.3) | 14 (20.9) |  |
Employment | ||||
 Full time | 14 (5.3) | 11 (5.6) | 3 (4.5) | 0.90 |
 Part time | 25 (9.4) | 18 (9.1) | 7 (10.5) |  |
 Not working | 226 (85.3) | 169 (85.4) | 57 (85.1) |  |
Homeless | 73 (27.7) | 50 (25.4) | 23 (34.3) | 0.16 |
Weekly hunger | 91 (34.3) | 61 (10.8) | 30 (44.8) | 0.04 |
Urbanicity categories | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Large Metropolitan area | 103 (39.0) | 76 (38.6) | 27 (40.3) | 0.13 |
 Small Metropolitan area | 99 (37.5) | 69 (35.0) | 30 (44.8) |  |
 Non-Metropolitan area | 62 (23.5) | 52 (26.4) | 10 (14.9) |  |
Transactional sex | 28 (10.6) | 16 (8.1) | 12 (17.9) | 0.02 |
Past month injection drug use | ||||
Cocaine | 38 (14.3) | 26 (13.1) | 12 (17.9) | 0.34 |
Heroin | 215 (81.4) | 160 (81.2) | 55 (82.1) | 0.87 |
Fentanyl | 112 (42.3) | 82 (41.4) | 30 (44.8) | 0.63 |
Heroin and fentanyl | 153 (57.7) | 108 (54.6) | 45 (67.2) | 0.07 |
Speedball | 38 (14.3) | 23 (11.6) | 15 (22.4) | 0.03 |
Methamphetamine | 109 (41.3) | 71 (36.0) | 38 (56.7) | 0.003 |
Methamphetamine and heroin | 75 (28.3) | 47 (23.7) | 28 (41.8) | 0.005 |
Prescription opioids | 21 (7.9) | 17 (8.6) | 4 (6.0) | 0.49 |
Tranquilizers | 13 (4.9) | 9 (4.6) | 4 (6.0) | 0.65 |
Buprenorphine | 13 (4.9) | 9 (4.6) | 4 (6.0) | 0.64 |
Suboxone | 17 (6.4) | 14 (7.1) | 3 (4.5) | 0.45 |
Number of drugs injected, M (SD) | 3.0 (1.8) | 2.9 (1.7) | 3.6 (2.0) | 0.006 |
Acquired sterile syringes from an SSP | 225 (85.6) | 167 (84.3) | 58 (89.2) | 0.33 |
Drug use changes during COVID | ||||
Daily injection frequency | ||||
 Less than before | 38 (14.5) | 33 (16.9) | 5 (7.5) | 0.02 |
 Same as before | 140 (53.4) | 108 (55.4) | 32 (47.8) |  |
 More than before | 84 (32.1) | 54 (27.7) | 30 (44.8) |  |
Used drugs with others (n = 14 missing) | ||||
 Less than before | 100 (39.8) | 78 (41.1) | 22 (36.1) | 0.32 |
 Same as before | 123 (49.0) | 94 (49.5) | 29 (47.5) |  |
 More than before | 28 (11.2) | 18 (9.5) | 10 (16.4) |  |
Used mostly in private locations | 169 (64.5) | 122 (62.6) | 47 (70.2) | 0.26 |
Avoided the SSP due to COVID fear | 26 (9.9) | 19 (9.7) | 7 (10.6) | 0.83 |
Past month drug treatment | ||||
Any treatment, past month | 122 (46.0) | 96 (48.5) | 26 (38.8) | 0.17 |
MOUD treatment, past month | 102 (38.9) | 82 (41.6) | 20 (30.8) | 0.12 |
Non-MOUD treatment, past month | 105 (39.9) | 82 (41.6) | 23 (34.9) | 0.33 |