Text Box 2 Search criteria

1. Describes an intervention for opioid use, prevention or treatment, or includes information on treating opioid use in the broader context of substance abuse or holistic health programs

2. Includes information on elements of intervention success, either through qualitative methods or through quantitative methods with sufficient in-depth description of the intervention combined with quantitative methods

3. Focuses exclusively on Indigenous populations

4. Maintains a nonoppressive, affirming voice

5. Research article

6. Focuses on Indigenous communities in countries with similar healthcare systems and settler-colonial histories framing health inequities (Canada, the USA, Australia, New Zealand)

7. English

8. Full text available