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Table 1 Sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics of men who injected drugs in northwestern Vietnam

From: Prevalence and correlates of HIV infection among men who inject drugs in a remote area of Vietnam

Characteristics

Total, n (%)

Tuan Giao, n (%)

Bat Xat, n (%)

Lao Cai City, n (%)

p valuea

Total

785 (100.0)

292 (37.2)

195 (24.9)

297 (37.9)

Demographics and lifetime behaviors

 Age groups

    

< 0.001

  18–28

206 (26.3)

97 (33.2)

30 (15.4)

79 (26.6)

 

  29–35

214 (27.3)

87 (29.8)

46 (23.6)

81 (27.3)

 

  36–41

168 (21.3)

51 (17.5)

45 (23.1)

71 (23.9)

 

  42 or older

197 (25.1)

57 (19.5)

74 (38.0)

66 (22.2)

 

 Education level

    

< 0.001

  No education

116 (14.8)

36 (12.3)

77 (39.5)

3 (1.0)

 

  Grades 1–9

446 (56.8)

204 (69.9)

93 (47.7)

148 (49.8)

 

  Grade 10 or higher

223 (28.4)

52 (17.8)

25 (12.8)

146 (49.2)

 

 Ethnicity

    

< 0.001

  Kinh

388 (49.4)

59 (20.2)

58 (29.7)

271 (91.3)

 

  Thai

194 (24.7)

192 (65.5)

2 (1.0)

0 (0.0)

 

  H’mong

54 (6.9)

3 (1.0)

51 (26.2)

0 (0.0)

 

  Dao

39 (5.0)

0 (0.0)

39 (20.0)

0 (0.0)

 

  Others

110 (14.0)

38 (13.0)

45 (23.1)

26 (8.8)

 

 Duration of injection drug use

     

  ≤ 1 year

246 (31.4)

108 (37.0)

77 (39.5)

61 (20.5)

< 0.001

  2–3 years

214 (27.2)

79 (27.1)

68 (34.9)

66 (22.2)

 

  4–6 years

138 (17.6)

58 (19.9)

20 (10.3)

60 (20.2)

 

  > 6 years

187 (23.9)

47 (16.1)

30 (15.4)

110 (37.0)

 

 Ever gave or received used needles and/or syringes

    

< 0.001

  No

630 (80.3)

254 (87.0)

128 (66.0)

247 (83.2)

 

  Yes

154 (19.7)

38 (13.0)

66 (34.0)

50 (16.8)

 

Recent behaviors

 Gave or received used needles and/or syringes in the previous 6 months

    

< 0.001

  No

676 (86.3)

266 (91.1)

140 (72.2)

270 (90.9)

 

  Yes

107 (13.7)

26 (8.9)

54 (27.8)

27 (9.1)

 

 Frequency of injection drug use in the previous month

    

< 0.001

  ≤ 1 time/day

300 (38.4)

61 (21.0)

120 (61.5)

119 (40.2)

 

  ≥ 2 times/day

483 (61.6)

230 (79.0)

75 (38.5)

177 (59.8)

 

 Gave used needles and/or syringes in the previous month

    

< 0.001

  No

672 (91.2)

262 (93.6)

155 (85.2)

254 (92.7)

 

  Yes

65 (8.8)

18 (6.4)

27 (14.8)

20 (7.3)

 

 Received used needles and/or syringes in the previous month

    

< 0.001

  No

652 (88.5)

260 (92.9)

139 (76.4)

252 (92.0)

 

  Yes

85 (11.6)

20 (7.1)

43 (23.6)

22 (8.0)

 

 Went to a hotspot in the previous week

    

<  0.001

  No

299 (43.1)

187 (65.6)

62 (39.0)

49 (19.8)

 

  Yes

393 (56.9)

98 (34.4)

97 (61.0)

198 (80.2)

 

 Received free clean needles and syringes in the previous 6 months

    

< 0.001

  No

378 (48.2)

134 (45.9)

140 (71.8)

104 (35.0)

 

  Yes

407 (51.8)

158 (54.1)

55 (28.2)

193 (65.0)

 

 Number of sex partners in the previous 6 months

    

< 0.001

  1

234 (30.2)

143 (49.0)

125 (64.1)

181 (63.7)

 

  0

449 (58.2)

119 (40.8)

51 (26.2)

63 (22.2)

 

  Multiple

89 (11.5)

30 (10.3)

19 (9.7)

40 (14.1)

 

HIV status

    

< 0.001

 HIV testing before this study

     

  Ever tested and HIV+

80 (11.7)

43 (16.9)

12 (9.0)

25 (8.6)

 

  Ever tested and HIV−

166 (24.4)

62 (24.4)

19 (14.2)

84 (28.9)

 

  Never tested

434 (63.8)

149 (58.7)

103 (76.9)

182 (62.5)

 

 HIV prevalence (results from blood test for this study)

199 (25.4)

111 (37.9)

33 (16.9)

55 (18.5)

< 0.001

  1. ap values for proportion comparison in each characteristics across three study sites