Total study population (N = 1673) | Witness to 3 or more overdoses (N = 765) | Witness to less than 3 overdoses (N = 908) | |
---|---|---|---|
Baseline characteristics | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) |
Age, median (IQR) (years) | 36 (28–44) | 35 (28–42) | 36 (28–44) |
Education | |||
High school or more | 702 (42.0) | 362 (47.3) | 340 (37.4) |
No high school | 971 (58.0) | 403 (52.7) | 568 (62.6) |
Marital status | |||
Not married or living with a partner | 853 (51.0) | 403 (52.7) | 450 (49.6) |
Married or living with a partner | 820 (49.0) | 362 (47.3) | 458 (50.4) |
Employment status | |||
Less than full-time | 436 (26.1) | 223 (29.1) | 213 (23.5) |
Full-time | 1237 (73.9) | 542 (70.9) | 695 (76.5) |
Spent the night outside in the past 3 monthsa | |||
No | 1428 (85.4) | 613 (80.1) | 815 (89.8) |
Yes | 245 (14.6) | 152 (19.9) | 93 (10.2) |
Lifetime history of incarceration | |||
No | 1087 (65.0) | 450 (58.9) | 637 (70.1) |
Yes | 585 (35.0) | 314 (41.1)c | 271 (29.9) |
Lifetime history of drug treatment | |||
No | 1160 (69.3) | 481 (62.9) | 679 (74.8) |
Yes | 513 (30.7) | 284 (37.1) | 229 (25.2) |
Recent non-fatal overdoseb | |||
No | 1569 (93.8) | 685 (89.5) | 884 (97.4) |
Yes | 104 (6.2) | 80 (10.5) | 24 (2.6) |
Daily injecting of drugs | |||
No | 815 (48.7) | 298 (38.9) | 517 (56.9) |
Yes | 858 (51.3) | 467 (61.1) | 391 (43.1) |
Needle purchasing behavior purchased at a pharmacya | |||
No | 222 (13.3) | 106 (13.9) | 116 (12.8) |
Yes | 1450 (86.7) | 659 (86.1) | 791 (87.1) |
Don’t Know | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) |
Receptive needle sharing behavior | |||
No | 1120 (66.9) | 478 (62.5) | 642 (70.7) |
Yes | 553 (33.1) | 287 (37.5) | 266 (29.3) |
Lifetime number of years injecting drugs, median (IQR) (years)d | 8 (4–12) | 9 (5–13) | 7 (3–11) |