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Table 1 Injecting behaviors among male injecting drugs by provinces, 2012 and 2013

From: Social marketing of low dead space syringes in Vietnam: findings from a 1-year pilot program in Hanoi, Thai Nguyen, and Ho Chi Minh City

Indicators

Hanoi

HCMC

Thai Nguyen

p value between cities in 2013 samples

2012

n = 300

2013

n = 400

p value

2012

n = 300

2013

n = 400

p value

2013

n = 280

Awareness of LDSS (ever seen or heard about LDSS)

16.5

43.2

0.000

96.8

99

.008

60.7

0.000

Awareness about LDSS benefits:

 Aware that using LDSS may reduce the risks of HIV and HCV infection

NA

12.0

 

NA

31.4

 

62.2

0.000

 Aware that LDSS can minimize risk of drug lose

 

14.6

  

94.4

 

56.6

0.000

 Aware that LDSS can reduce pain

 

12.0

  

96.4

 

57.5

0.000

 Aware that LDSS can reduce scarring

 

11.7

  

95.7

 

58.0

0.000

Use of LDSS:

 Ever used LDSS

0.3

5.8

0.000

100

100

1

57.9

0.000

 Used LDSS in the last 1 month

0.1

4.3

0.000

93.0

98.7

0.001

33.8

0.000

 Consistently use in the last 1 month

0.1

2.3

0.021

88.0

93.2

0.023

8.1

0.000

Reasons for not using LDSS in the last 1 month among those who did not use LDSS

n = 299

n = 384

 

n = 28

n = 6

 

n = 113

 

 Unaware of LDSS

83.5

45.6

0.000

0

0

 

34.4

0.000

 Unaware of outlets selling LDSS

16.3

4.1

0.000

0

0

 

64.1

0.000

 No outlet selling LDSS close to injecting sites

6.8

2.0

0.001

58.3

33.3

0.265

11.2

0.000

 LDSS is too expensive

1.2

0

0.031

16.7

16.6

 

0.7

0.000

 LDSS size is not big enough

4.9

3.6

0.399

0

0

1

11.4

0.000

 It is difficult to share drug with LDSS

2.8

2.7

1

0

0

 

5.1

0.015

 It is difficult to find LDSS at night

1.7

0

0.010

31.4

16.6

0.459

0

 

Needle-sharing behavior

 Sharing needle in the last 12 months

11.3

3.5

0.000

19.1

12.9

0.030

7.8

0.000

 Sharing needle in the last 1 month

5.1

2.3

0.028

14.8

8.2

0.003

5.5

0.001