Anti-smoking initiatives and current smoking among 19,643 adolescents in South Asia: findings from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey

Table 3 Multivariate analysis of current smoking and associated factors

Characteristics	Female		Male
Characteristics	OR (95 % CI)^a	p value	OR (95 % CI)^a	p value
Age (years)
≤ 14	1		1
15–17	1.52 (0.85–2.71)	0.149	1.33 (0.91–1.94)	0.130
Family discussed about harmful effects of smoking
Yes	1		1
No	1.56 (0.84–2.89)	0.152	1.37 (1.04–1.80)	0.025
Frequency of anti-smoking messages seen on media
A lot	1		1
A few	1.45 (0.75–2.79)	0.266	1.86 (1.31–2.64)	<0.001
None	2.89 (1.58–5.28)	<0.001	1.32 (0.91–1.88)	0.134
Frequency of anti-smoking messages seen at social gatherings
A lot	1		1
Sometimes	1.34 (0.67–2.66)	0.401	0.78 (0.56–1.09)	0.151
Never	0.42 (0.19–0.91)	0.028	0.45 (0.27–0.72)	0.001
I never go	0.27 (0.07–0.97)	0.044	0.42 (0.27–0.62)	<0.001
Taught dangers of smoking at school
Yes	1		1
No	2.00 (0.95–4.21)	0.066	1.89 (1.44–2.48)	<0.001
Not sure	1.07 (0.39–2.91)	0.895	1.65 (1.08–2.52)	0.020
When was last discussed about smoking and health as part of a lesson
This term	1		1
Previous terms	1.41 (0.87–2.26)	0.156	1.66 (1.23–2.26)	0.001
Never	0.50 (0.27–0.93)	0.028	0.74 (0.54–1.01)	0.063

^aMultivariate models adjusted for age, family discussed about harmful effects of smoking, anti-smoking messages seen on media, anti-smoking messages seen at social gatherings, taught dangers of smoking at school, and discussion about smoking and health as part of a lesson. OR odds ratio (adjusted), CI confidence interval.

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