Coverage of overdose prevention programs for opiate users and injectors: a cross-sectional study

Table 2 Socio-demographic and psychoactive substance use patterns associated to participation in overdose prevention programs (OPPs)

	Attendance to OPP			Bivariate poisson		Multiple poisson
				Regression^a		Regression^a
	N	Yes		PR	95% CI	PR	95% CI
		n	%
Socio-demographic characteristics
Country of origin	306
Spain	273	112	41	1		1
Other countries^b	33	21	63.6	1.5	(1.12–2.03)^*	1.3	(1.04–1.72)^*
Municipality	305
Less than 100,000 inhabitants; not BMC	63	11	17.5	1		1
More than 100,000 inhabitants; not BMC	52	20	38.5	2.2	(1.49–3.23)^*	2.0	(1.37–2.81)^*
Barcelona and BMC	190	102	53.7	3.1	(1.98–4.84)^*	2.5	(1.68–3.77)^*
Level of education	306
High school/university degree	73	26	35.6	1
Secondary education	121	55	45.5	1.3	(0.87–1.81)
Primary/elementary	112	52	46.4	1.3	(1.01–1.89)^*
Employment status	302
Working	36	7	19.4	1
Never worked/unemployed	170	77	45.3	2.4	(0.95–6.02)
Permanent disability/pensioner	79	40	50.6	2.9	(1.23–6.60)^*
Student/sporadic work/working at home	17	8	47.1	2.6	(0.67–10.10)
Ever sentenced to prison	304
No	131	36	27.5	1		1
Yes	173	95	54.9	2.0	(1.78–2.30)^*	1.6	(1.41–1.81)^*
Psychoactive substance use patterns
Age at first drug use	305
≥13 years	249	100	40.2	1		1
≤12 years	56	33	58.9	1.4	(1.19–1.75)^*	1.2	(1.06–1.45)^*
First drug used	304
Cannabis (marijuana, hashish)	232	101	43.5	1
Cocaine, heroin, her-coca, crack	48	23	47.9	1.1	(0.88–1.44)
Other drugs^c	24	8	33.3	0.8	(0.40–1.43)
Parenteral administration	306
No	87	31	35.6	1
Yes	219	102	46.6	1.3	(1.03–1.70)^*
Heroin use	306
No	16	7	43.8	1
Yes	290	126	43.4	1.0	(0.70–1.47)
Alcohol risk consumption ^d	306
No	167	73	43.7	1
Yes	139	60	43.2	0.9	(0.75–1.24)

CI confidence interval, PR prevalence ratio, BMC Barcelona metropolitan conurbation.
*p <0.05.
^aPoisson regression with robust variance adjusted by age and sex, using generalized estimated equations to control correlation within recruitment center.
^bOther countries: rest of Europe, America, Asia, and North Africa.
^cOther drugs: include tranquilizers, mushrooms, LSD, and ketamine.
^dAccording to AUDIT[26].

ISSN: 1477-7517