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Table 2 Comparison of baseline characteristics of PWUDs (on admission to clinics)

From: Factors associated with relapse into drug use among male and female attendees of a three-month drug detoxification–rehabilitation programme in Dhaka, Bangladesh: a prospective cohort study

Characteristics

Male PWUDs

Female PWUDs

p

 

(N = 150, unless otherwise stated)

(N = 110, unless otherwise stated)

 

Socio-demographic factors

  Had previous experience of drug treatment programmes

54.0 (81)

67.3 (74)

0.03

  Age in years

   

   Mean (SD)*

32.6 (±7.0)

26.8 (±6.4)

 

   Median (IQR)▲.

32.0 (27.0, 36.3)

25.0 (22.0, 30.0)

<0.01

  Level of education, % (n)

   

   Less than 1 year

10.7 (16)

19.1 (21)

0.05

   1–5 years

64.0 (96)

61.8 (68)

NS

   >5 years

25.3 (38)

19.1 (21)

NS

  Marital status, % (n)

   

   Married / living with sex partner

31.3 (47)

43.8 (49)

0.03

   Unmarried

36.0 (54)

10.9 (12)

<0.01

   Divorced/separated/widower/widow

32.7 (59)

44.5 (49)

0.05

  Income level (monthly average in BDT)

   

   Mean (SD)*

6144 (±3997)

11397 (±8750)

 

   Median (IQR) ▲.

5000 (3500, 7000)

7900 (5000, 15250)

<0.01

   % more than Mean

33.7

38.2

 

  Locations where they live, % (n)

   

   House

48.7 (73)

30.9 (34)

<0.01

   Working place (shop, office, club)

4.0 (6)

4.5 (5)

NS

   Street§

42.0 (63)

20.9 (23)

<0.01

   Slum

5.3 (8)

43.6 (48)

<0.01

  Person(s) with whom they usually live, % (n)

   

   Family member, relative

40.7 (61)

34.5 (38)

NS

   Spouse, sex partner

14.0 (21)

16.3 (18)

NS

   Non-PWUD friend, colleague

2.6 (4)

6.3 (7)

NS

   PWUD friend, drug dealer

26.7 (40)

29.1 (32)

NS

   Alone

16.0 (24)

13.6 (15)

NS

  Have children to support, % (n)

10.7 (16)

13.6 (15)

NS

History of drug misuse (in the last six months before admission)

  Drug primarily preferred for consumption, % (n)

   

   Cannabis, sleeping pills, codeine containing cough syrup, alcohol

1.3 (2)

13.6 (15)

<0.01

   Heroin

16.7 (25)

72.8 (80)

<0.01

   Buprenorphine, pethidine

82.0 (123)

13.6 (15)

<0.01

  Main route of drug administration, % (n)

   

   Orally

0.0 (0)

3.6 (4)

0.03

  Inhaling (smoking, snorting, chasing)

13.3 (20)

82.7 (91)

<0.01

   Injection

86.7 (130)

13.6 (15)

<0.01

  Duration (years) of injecting drugs (among those who injected in the last six months)

N = 144

N = 26

 

   Mean (SD)*

5.9 (±4.4)

4.1 (±4.7)

 

   Median (IQR) ▲.

5.0 (3.0, 8.0)

2.5 (1.0, 6.25)

0.01

   % more than mean

34.0 (60)

35.6 (9)

 

  Shared used needle/syringe during last injection (among those who injected in the last six months), % (n)

N = 144

N = 26

 

54.2 (78)

34.6 (9)

NS

  Shared injection paraphernalia during last injection (among those who injected in the last six months), % (n)

N = 144

N = 26

 
 

91.7 (132)

42.3 (11)

<0.01

Sexual behaviour (in the last six months before admission)

  Had any type of sex, % (n)

58.0 (87)

70.0 (77)

0.05

  Bought sex from sex worker, % (n)

30.7 (46)

5.5 (6)

<0.01

  Sold sex in exchange of money or drugs, % (n)

0

49.1 (54)

<0.01

  Frequency of using condoms during sex with commercial sex partner (among those who bought or sold sex), % (n)

N = 46

N = 54

 

   Always

63.0 (29)

42.6 (23)

0.04

   Sometimes

13.1 (6)

40.7 (22)

<0.01

   Never

23.9 (11)

9 (16.7)

NS

  Had sex with non-commercial partner, % (n)

35.3 (53)

45.4 (50)

NS

  Frequency of using condom during sex with non-commercial partner (among those who had sex with non-commercial partner), % (n)

N = 53

N = 50

 

   Always

20.8 (11)

16.0 (8)

NS

   Sometimes

22.6 (12)

18.0 (9)

NS

   Never

56.6 (30)

66.0 (33)

NS

  Had group sex, % (n)

2.7 (4)

19.1 (21)

<0.01

  Had sex just after taking drugs, % (n)

45.3 (68)

50.9 (56)

NS

Other risk behaviours (before admission)

  Ever been imprisoned, % (n)

60.7 (91)

41.8 (46)

<0.01

  Ever sold blood, % (n)

27.3 (41)

13.6 (15)

0.01

  1. *SD Standard Deviation, ▲.IQR inter-quartile range, NS not significant (p>0.05).
  2. 1 USD is equivalent to 75.88 BDT as of October 2011.
  3. §Street includes abandoned place, park, roof-top, veranda, terminal, and garage.